Y.T. Zhu and X.L. Wu
Introduction to Heterostructured Materials
Elsevier, 2023
Y.D. Shi, A.J. Zhang, L.N. Wang, T. Liu, X.L. Zhang, X.R. Yang, Z.G. Xing, and Y.T. Zhu, “Global 3D-Gradient-Structured Steel Sheets with Superior Strength-Ductility Combination,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 935, 148383 (2025).
Y.T. Zhu, “Creating Multifunctionalities with Hierarchical Heterostructures,” Mater. Res. Lett. 13, 175-178 (2025).
J.B. Li, X.K. Ma, K.J. Lu, Y.F. Wang, and Y.T. Zhu, “Unusual Deformation Mechani**s Evoked by Hetero-zone Interaction in a Heterostructured FCC High-entropy Alloy,” Acta Mat. 282, 120516 (2025).
Y. Ma, W. Wang, Y.T. Zhu, X.L. Wu, and F.P. Yuan, “Medium/High Entropy Alloys with Heterogeneous Structures for Superior Properties: A Review,” Mater. Today Adv., 25, 100553 (2025).
R. Zhou, J. Yan, H. Tao, X.P. Liang, Y. Liu, and Y.T. Zhu “Moderate rolling for producing effective heterostructure,” Scripta Mater.253, 116289 (2024).
W.L. Su, M.S. Wang, F.J.Guo, H. Ran, Q. Cheng, Q.Y. Wang, Y.T. Zhu, X.L.Ma, C.X. Huang,“Heterostructure Enables Anomalous Improvement of Cryogenic MechanicalProperties in Titanium,” Acta Mater. 273, 119982 (2024).
S.Y. Tung, T.E. Hsu,Y.T. Zhu, and M.H. Tsai, “Recrystallized Hard Zone and Resultant Tri-modal Heterostructure Produces Superior Mechanical Properties in a Single-PhaseHigh-Entropy Alloy,” Acta Mater. 273 , 119957 (2024).
Z.H. Zhang,Y. Ma, M.X. Yang, P. Jiang, H.Q. Feng, Y.T. Zhu, X.L. Wu, and F.P. Yuan,“Improving Ductility by Coherent Nanoprecipitates in Medium Entropy Alloy,”Intl J. Plasticity, 172, 103821 (2024).
P.J. Shi, Z. Shen, H.G. Wang, Z. LI, Y.J. Gu, Y. Li,Z.Z. Lin, M.Y. Wang, Y.P. Yang, C.Y. Lin, B. Ding, N. Min, J.C. Peng, J.H.Luan, T.S. Liu, W.L. Ren, Z.S. Lei, Y.T. Zhou, Y. Liu, N.N. Liang, Y. Chen, Q.Liu, T.S. Liu, P.A. van Aken, Y. Ren, Y.B. Zhong, C.T. Liu, H.J. Gao, and Y.T.Zhu, “Bioinspired, Heredity-Derived Hierarchical Bulk Multifunctional CopperAlloys,” Mater. Today, 71, 22-37 (2023).
H. Ran, P.H. Ye, F.J. Guo, M.S. Wang, W.L. Su, X. Chen, S. Gao, N.Tsuiji, Y.T. Zhu, X.C. Lu, and C.X. Huang, “Superior Strength-DuctilityCombination Resulted from Hetero-zone Boundary Affected Region in Cu-Fe LayeredMaterial,” J. Mater. Sci. Tech., 181, 209-219 (2024).
J.F. Nie, Y.Y. Chen, L.Song, Y. Fan, Y. Cao, K.W. Xie, S.D. Liu, X. F. Liu, Y.H. Zhao, Y.T. Zhu,“Enhancing Strength and Ductility of an Al Matrix Composites via DualHeterostructure Strategy,” Intl J. Plasticity. 171, 103825 (2023).
H.W. Ma, Y.C. Zhao, Z.Lyu, X. Wang, Y.T. Zhu, and Y.F. Gao, “What Are the “Dispersive Shear Bands” onthe Surface of Layered Heterostructured Materials?” J. Mech. Phys. Solids,181, 105467 (2023).
J.W. Xiao, S.W. Li, X.X. Ma, J.J. Gao, C. Deng,Z.X. Wu, and Y.T. Zhu, “Origin of Deformation Twinning in BCC Tungsten andMolybdenum,” Phys. Rev. Lett., 131 136101 (2023).
L. Romero Resendiz, H.J. Kong, T. Zhang, H. Ni,S. Chen, M. Naeem, and Y.T. Zhu, “Achieving Antimicrobial and Super MechanicalProperties in a Scalable and Cost-effective Heterostructured Stainless Steel,” Mater.Sci. Eng. A, 886, 145676 (2023).
Z.K.Li, Y.J. Liu, J. Hu, J.J. Wang, C.M. Liu and Y.T. Zhu, “Hierarchical StrainBand Formation and Mechanical Behavior of a Heterostructured Dual-PhaseMaterial,” J. Mater. Sci. Tech., 162,25-37 (2023).
Y. Liu, M.N. Xu, L.R.Xiao, X.F. Chen, Z.H. Hu, B. Gao, N.N. Liang, Y. Cao, H. Zhou, Y.T. Zhu,“Dislocation Array Reflection Enhances Strain Hardening of a Dual-PhaseHeterostructured High-Entropy Alloy,” Mater. Res. Lett., 11,638-647 (2023).
F. Liang, A. Meng, Y.X. Sun, Z.S. Chen, Z.W. Zhou, Y.P. Zhang, Y. Zhang,Y.T. Zhu, X. Chen, “A Novel Wear-Resistant Ni-Based Super Alloy via HighCr-Induced Subsurface Nanotwin and Heterogeneous Glaze Layer at ElevatedTemperatures,” Tribological International, 183, 108383(2023).
Y.F. Wang, Y.T. Zhu, Y.G. Wei, “Optimum Grain Size for the BestStrength-Ductility Combination,” Intl. J. Plasticity, 164,103574 (2023).
T.H. Chou, W.P. Li, H.W. Chang, X.H. Du, W.S. Chuang, T. Yang, Y.T. Zhu, and J.C. Huang, “Quantitative Analysis of Hetero-deformation Induced Strengthening in Heterogeneous Grain Structure,” Intl J. Plasticity, 159, 103482 (2022).
Y. T. Zhu and X. L. Wu, "Heterostructured Materials." Progress in Materials Science , 131, 101019 (2023)
Wang, Y., Zhu, Y., Yu, Z., Zhao, J., & Wei, Y. Hetero-zone boundary affected region: A primary microstructure factor controlling extra work hardening in heterostructure." Acta Materialia, 241, 118395 (2022).
L. Romero-Resendiz, M. El-Tahawy, T. Zhang, M. C.Rossi, D.M. Marulanda-Cardona, T. Yang, V. Amigó-Borrás, Y. Huang, H. Mirzadeh, I.J. Beyerlein, J.C. Huang, T.G.Langdon, and Y.T. Zhu, “Heterostructured stainless steel: properties, current trends and Future perspectives,” Mater.Sci. Eng. R, 150, 100691 (2022).
G.S.Sun, J.Z. Liu, and Y.T. Zhu, “Heterostructure Alleviates LüdersDeformation of Ultrafine-Grained Stainless Steels,” Mat. Sci. Eng. A,848, 143393 (2022).
Y.Li, P.J. Shi, M.Y. Wang, Y.P. Yang, Y. Wang, Y.Q. Li, Y.B. Wen, W.L. Ren, N.Min, Y. Chen, Y.F. Guo, Z. Shen, T.X. Zheng, N.N. Liang, W.J. Lu, P.K. Liaw,Y.B. Zhong, and Y.T. Zhu, “Unveiling Microstructural Origins of the BalancedStrength-Ductility Combination in Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys at CryogenicTemperatures,” Mater. Res. Lett. 10, 602-610 (2022).
H.Liu, B. Gao, Y. Yang, M.N. Xu, X.F. Li, C. Li, J.R. Yang, H.J. Pan, H. Zhou,X.K. Zhu, and Y.T. Zhu, “Strain Hardening Behavior and Microstructure Evolutionof Gradient-Structured Cu-Al Alloys with Low Stacking Fault Energy,” J.Mater.Res. Tech., 19, 220-229 (2022).
S.S.Liu, H. Liu, X. Chen, G.S. Huang, Q. Zou, A.T. Tang, B. Jiang, Y.T. Zhu, F.S.Pan, “Effect of Texture on Deformation Behavior of Heterogeneous Mg-13Gd withStrength-Ductility Synergy,” J. Mater. Sci. Tech., 113, 271-286(2022).
J.X.Huang, Y. Liu, T. Xu, X.F. Chen, Q.Q. Lai, L.R. Xiao, Z.Y. Pan, B. Gao, H.Zhou, Y.T. Zhu, “Dual-Phase Heterostructured Strategy to Improve Ductility of Low Carbon Martensitic Steel," Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 834, 142584 (2022).
W. Jiang,Y.T. Zhu, and Y.H. Zhao, “Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechani**s ofHeterostructured High-Entropy and Medium-Entropy Alloys,” Frontiers in Materials, 8, 792359 (2022).
Y.F. Wang, Y.G. Wei, Z.F. Zhao, Z.Y. Lin, F.J. Guo, Q. Cheng, C.X. Huang, and Y.T. Zhu, “Mechancial Response of the Constrained Nanostructured Layer in Heterogeneous Laminate,” Scripta Mat. 207, 114310 (2022).
Y.T. Zhu, “Heterostructured Materials: A Fast Emerging Field Driven by New Science and Promising Applications,” Metrall. Mater. Trans. A 52(11), 4715-4726, 2021. (1)
Y.F. Wang, C.X. Huang, Y.S. Li, X.L. Wu, and Y.T. Zhu, “Inter-zone Constraint Modifies the Stress-Strain Response of Constituent Layers in Gradient Structure,” Sci. China Mater. (2021) https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-021-1702-2
J.R. Yang, L. Xu, H.L. Gao, X.F. Li, H.J. Pan, B.P. Shu, T. Itoh, Y.T. Zhu, X.K. Zhu, “Effect of Global Constraint on the Mechanical Behavior of Gradient Materials,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 826, 141963 (2021).
Y. Estrin, Yan Beygelzimer, R. Kulagin, P. Gumbsch, P. Fratzl, Y.T. Zhu, and Horst Hahn, “Architecturing Materials at Mesoscale: Some Current Trends,” Mater. Res. Lett., 9, 399-421 (2021).
X.L. Wu and Y.T. Zhu, “Gradient and Lamellar Heterostructures for Superior Mechanical Properties,” MRS Bulletin, 46, 244-249 (2021).
X.L. Wu, M.X. Yang, R.G. Li, P. Jiang, F.P. Yuan, Y.D. Wang, Y.T. Zhu, Y.G. Wei, “Plastic Accommodation during Tensile Deformation Gradient Structure,” Sci. China Materials, 64(6), 1534-1544 (2021).
X.T. Fang, Z.K. Li, Y.F. Wang, M. Ruiz, X.L. Ma, H.Y. Wang, Y. Zhu, R. Schoell, C. Zheng, D. Kaoumi, and Y.T. Zhu, “Achieving High Hetero-deformation Induced (HDI) Strengthening and Hardening in Brass by Dual Heterostructure,” J. Mater. Sci. Tech., 98, 244-247 (2021).
Y.T. Zhu, K. Ameyama, P.M. Anderson, I.J. Beyerlein, H.J. Gao, H.S. Kim, E.J. Lavernia, S.N. Mathaudhu, H. Maghrabi, R.O. Ritchie, N. Tsuji, X.Y. Zhang, and X.L. Wu, “Heterostructured Materials: Superior Properties from Hetero-Zone Interaction,” Mater. Res. Lett., 9, 1-30 (2021).
P.J. Shi, Y.B. Zhang, Y. Li, W.L. Ren, T.X. Zheng, S. Zhe, B. Yang, J.C. Peng, P.F. Hu, Y. Zhang, P.K. Liaw, and Y.T. Zhu, “Multistage Work Hardening Assisted by Multi-type Twinning in Ultrafine-Grained Heterostructural Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys,” Mater. Today, 41, 62-71 (2020).
B. Gao, Q.Q. Lai, Y. Cao, R. Hu, L.R. Xiao, Z.Y. Pan, N.N. Liang, Y.S. Li, G. Sha, M.P. Liu, H. Zhou, and Y.T. Zhu, “Ultra-strong Low-Carbon Nanosteel Produced by Heterostructure and Interstitial Mediated Warm Rolling,” Science Advance, 6, eaba8169 (2020).
J.F. Nie, Y.Y. Chen, X. Chen, Y.S. Li, X.F. Liu, Y.H. Zhao, Y.T. Zhu, “Stiff, Strong, and Ductile Heterostructured Aluminum Composites Reinforced with Oriented Nanoplatelets,” Scripta Mat. 189, 140-144 (2020).
X.L. Wu, Y.T. Zhu and K. Lu, “Ductility and Strain Hardening in Gradient and Lamellar Structured Materials,” Scripta Mat. (invited viewpoint), 186, 321-325 (2020).
Y.F. Wang, C.X. Huang, and Y.T. Zhu, “Shear Band Instability and Uniform Elongation of Gradient Structured Materials: Role of Lateral Constraint,” Extreme Mechanics Lett., 37, 100686 (2020).
Y.F. Liu, Y. Cao, H. Zhou, Y.H. Zhao, Q.Z. Mao, W. Jiang, Y. Liu, J.T. Wang, Z.S. You, and Y.T. Zhu, “Critical Microstructures and Defects in Heterostructured Materials and Their Effects on Mechanical Properties,” Acta Mater. 189, 129-144 (2020).
X.T. Fang, G.Z. He, C. Zheng, X.L. Ma, D. Kaoumi, and Y.T. Zhu, “Effect of Heterostructure and Hetero-deformation induced hardening on the Strength and Ductility of Brass,” Acta Mater. 186, 644-655 (2020).
Z.K. Li, X.T. Fang, Y.F. Wang, X.K. Ma, P. Jaing, X.L. Wu, J.J. Wang, C.M. Liu, Y.T. Zhu, and C.C. Koch, “Tuning Heterostructure with Powder Metallurgy for High Synergistic Strengthening and Hetero-Deformation Induced Hardening,” Mat. Sci. Eng. A, 777, 139074 (2020).
Y.F. Wang, C.X. Huang, Y.S. Li, F.J. Guo, Q. He, L.Y. Song, X.L. Wu, R.O. Scattergood, Y.T. Zhu, “Dense Dispersed Shear Bands in Gradient-Structured Ni,” Intl J. Plasticity. 124, 186-198 (2020).
Y.F. Wang, C.X. Huang, X.T. Fang, H.W. Höppel, M. Göken, and Y.T. Zhu, “Hetero-Deformation Induced (HDI) Hardening Does not Increase Linearly with Strain Gradient,” Scripta Mater. 174, 19-23 (2020).
Y.F. Wang, M.S. Wang, X.T. Fang, Q. He, F.J. Guo, R.O. Scattergood, C.X. Huang, Y.T. Zhu, “Extra Strengthening in a Coarse/Ultrafine grained laminate: Role of Gradient Interfaces,” Intl J. Plasticity, 123, 196-207 (2019).
M.N. Hasan, Y.F. Liu, X.H. An, J. Gu, M. Song, Y. Cao, Y.S. Li, Y.T. Zhu, and X.Z. Liao, “Simultaneously Enhancing Strength and Ductility of High-Entropy Alloys via Gradient Hierarchical Microstructures,” Intl. J. Plasticity, 123, 178-195 (2019).
M.X. Yang, R.G. Li, P. Jiang, F.P. Yuan, Y.D. Wang, Y.T. Zhu, X.L. Wu, “Residual Stress Provides Significant Strengthening and Ductility in Gradient Structured Materials,” Mater. Res. Lett., 7,433-438 (2019).
Y.F. Wang, C.X. Huang, Q. He, F.J. Guo, M.S. Wang, L.Y. Song, and Y.T. Zhu, “Heterostructure Induced Dispersive Shear Bands in Heterostructured Cu,” Scripta Mat. 170, 76-80 (2019).
Y.T. Zhu and X.L. Wu, “Perspective on Hetero-deformation Induced (HDI) Hardening and Back Stress,” Mater. Res. Lett. 7, 393-398 (2019).
H. Zhou, C.X. Huang, X.C. Sha, X.L. Ma, H.W. Höppel, M. Göken, X.L. Wu, X.D. Han, and Y.T. Zhu, “In-situ observation of dislocation dynamics near heterostructured interfaces,” Mater. Res. Lett., 7, 376-382 (2019).
F.P. Yuan, D.S. Yan, J.D. Sun, Y.H. Zhao, Y.T. Zhu, and X.L. Wu, “Ductility by shear band Delocalization in the Nano-Layer of Gradient Structure,” Mater. Res. Lett., 7, 12-17 (2019).
J.S. Li, B. Gao, Y. Cao, Y.S. Li, and Y.T. Zhu, “Superior Strength and Ductility of 316L Stainless Steel with Heterogeneous Lamella Structure,” J. Mater. Sci. 53, 10442-10456 (2018).
C.X. Huang, Y.F. Wang, X.L. Ma, S. Yin, H.W. Höppel, M. Göken, X.L. Wu, H.J. Gao, and Y.T. Zhu, “Interface Affected Zone for Optimal Strength and Ductility in Heterogeneous Laminate,” Mater. Today, 21, 713-719 (2018).
X.L. Liu, M.X. Yang, F.P. Yuan, Y.T. Zhu, and X.L. Wu, “Extraordinary Bauschinger Effect in Gradient Structured Copper,” Scripta Mat. 150, 57-60 (2018).
X. Wang, Y.S. Li, Q. Zhang, Y.H. Zhao, and Y.T. Zhu, “Gradient-Structured Copper by Rotationally Accelerated Shot Peening,” J. Mater. Sci. Tech., 33, 758-761 (2017).
X.L. Wu and Y.T. Zhu, “Heterogeneous Materials: A New Class of Materials with Unprecedented Mechanical Properties,” Mater. Res. Lett., 5, 527-542 (2017).
X.D. Bian, F.P. Yuan, X.L. Wu, and Y.T. Zhu, “Gradient Structure Produces Superior Dynamic Shear Properties,” Mat. Res. Res. 7, 501-507 (2017).
M.X. Yang, Y.Pan, F.P. Yuan, Y.T. Zhu and X.L. Wu, “Back Stress Strengthening and Strain Hardening in Gradient Structure,” Mater. Res. Lett. 4 (3), 145-151 (2016).
X.L. Ma, C.X. Huang, J. Moering, H.W. Höppel, M. Göken, J. Narayan, and Y.T. Zhu, “Mechanical Properties of Copper/Bronze Laminates: Role of Interfaces,” Acta Mater. 116, 43-52 (2016).
J. Moering, X.L. Ma, S. Mathaudhu, J. Malkin, X.L. Wu and Y.T. Zhu, “Synergetic Strengthening Far beyond Rule of Mixture in Gradient Structured Aluminum Rod ,” Scripta Mater. 122, 106-109 (2016).
X.L. Wu, M.X. Yang, F.P. Yuan, L. Chen, E. Ma, and Y.T. Zhu, “Combining Gradient Structure and TRIP Effect to Produce Austenite Stainless Steel with High Strength and Ductility,” Acta Mater. 112, 337-346 (2016).
X.L. Wu, M.X. Yang, F.P. Yuan, G.L. Wu, C.X. Zhang, P. Jiang, X. X. Huang, and Y.T. Zhu, “Heterogeneous Lamella Structure Unites Ultrafine-Grain Strength with Coarse-Grain Ductility,” PNAS, 112, 14501-14505, 2015.
J. Moering, G.Z. Chen, X.L. Ma, P.F. Miao, G.Z. LI, G. Qian, S. Mathaudhu, Y.T. Zhu, “The Role of Shear Strain on Texture and Microstructural Gradients in Low Carbon Steel Processed by SMAT,” Scripta Mat. 108, 100-103 (2015).
X.L. Ma, C.X. Huang, W.Z. Xu, H. Zhou, X.L.Wu, J. Narayan, and Y.T. Zhu, “Strain Hardening and Ductility in a Coarse-Grained/Nanostructure Laminated Material,” Scripta Mater., 103, 57-60 (2015).
X.L. Wu, P. Jiang, L. Chen, and Y.T. Zhu, “Synergetic Strengthening by Gradient Structure,” Mater. Res. Lett.2, 185-191 (2014). DOI:10.1080/21663831.2014.935821.
X.L. Wu, P. Jiang, L. Chen, F.P. Yuan, and Y.T. Zhu, “Extraordinary Strain Hardening by Gradient Structure,” PNAS, 111 (20), 7197-7201, (2014). doi/10.1073/pnas.132406911.
